Components of Mathematical Proficiency


Conceptual Understanding
Comprehension of mathematical concepts, operations, and relations.

Procedural Fluency
Skill in carrying out procedures flexibly, accurately, efficiently, and appropriately.

Strategic Competence
Ability to formulate, represent, and solve mathematical problems.

Adaptive Reasoning
Capacity for logical thought, reflection, explanation, and justification.

Productive Disposition
Habitual inclination to see mathematics as sensible, useful, and worthwhile, coupled with a belief in diligence and one’s own efficacy.

*Adding it Up, National Research Council, 2001